Tecnologías de la Información Geográfica para todos los niveles educativos y socioeconómicos, SIG gratuitos vs SIG no gratuitos, aplicándolos al riesgo de procesos de remoción en masa, alcaldía Álvaro Obregón, Ciudad de México, México

Abstract

The reason for carrying out the following research work is to demonstrate that people of different educational and socioeconomic levels can learn and use different Geographic Information Technologies, as well as to be able to use this didactic-digital material for the teaching of cartography in general. The world, as an example of real use of these technologies, will be studied in this work, the risks and threats in the alcaldía Álvaro Obregón in Mexico City, achieving this learning in Middle, Higher and Postgraduate Education in the Mexican case and take it as an example to Latin America, based on the actual application of Free Geographic Information Systems (GIS), as well as demonstrating that they have the same effectiveness in fieldwork as non-free GIS, and that, to a certain extent, these The latter limit the learning and knowledge of useful technologies for university students anywhere in The world and social stratum, as a server, which has had the opportunity to use both, free and not free, hence my evaluation and criticism.
Mexico has little information, attention, management and coordination, by the authorities of the Mayor's Office, State or Federal, on the presence of irregular human settlements in urban areas, in the parameters of the northern area of the Álvaro Obregón town hall, in where there is some degree of physical vulnerability and high level of marginalization by the families that inhabit these areas, located on slopes, river beds and / or ravines, derived from the geomorphology of the place; and that they are a constant danger due to their pronounced degree of inclination, so that when this landslide occurs, it drags or carries the foundations of the constructions and what is in its way, especially in the rainy season and / or earthquakes, which causes human, environmental and economic losses.
On the other hand, this results in an environmental deterioration around the ecosystem that was originally found, and that was arbitrarily modified over the years, with this disjointed urbanization, since when these types of constructions and buildings are carried out in areas not suitable for habitability, for the aforementioned problems, it eliminates or replaces the vegetal cover of the soil, seeing itself modified by the grade of foundations, which promotes the null filtration of rainwater by the compaction of it, due to the use of materials for building.
Something of utmost importance is that people who inhabit these areas with some degree of vulnerability, fill or fill in some way small cavities or mines with gravel material, solid waste or garbage for leveling the soil, which only increases and brings serious consequences, making it even more unstable.
Therefore, the free GIS obviously help the management, coordination, evaluation and decision making of the problem, avoiding human losses due to this type of geomorphological events, it is clear that the use of GIS can be used by any person, without excuse or pretext of limitation.